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This study screened excellent carriers for co-loading tanshinone Ⅱ_A(TSA) and astragaloside Ⅳ(As) to construct antitumor nano-drug delivery systems for TSA and As. TSA-As microemulsions(TSA-As-MEs) were prepared by water titration. TSA-As metal-organic framework(MOF) nano-delivery system was prepared by loading TSA and As in MOF by the hydrothermal method. Dynamic light scattering(DLS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the two preparations. Drug loading was determined by HPLC and the effects of the two preparations on the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells, T lymphocytes, and hepatocellular carcinoma cells were detected by the CCK-8 method. The results showed that the particle size, Zeta potential, and drug loading of TSA-As-MEs were(47.69±0.71) nm,(-14.70±0.49) mV, and(0.22±0.01)%, while those of TSA-As-MOF were(258.3±25.2) nm,(-42.30 ± 1.27) mV, and 15.35%±0.01%. TSA-As-MOF was superior to TSA-As-MEs in drug loading, which could inhibit the proliferation of bEnd.3 cells at a lower concentration and improve the proliferation ability of CTLL-2 cells significantly. Therefore, MOF was preferred as an excellent carrier for TSA and As co-loading.
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Mice , Animals , Endothelial Cells , Abietanes , Cell LineABSTRACT
Size and surface modification are the two key factors affecting the effect of macrophages polarization induced by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). The smaller the particle size, the better the polarization effect of SPIONs. Besides, the reasonable SPIONs surface modification method can also be used to enhance the polarization effect. In this study, SPIONs was prepared by solvothermal method and optimized by Box-Benhnken center combination design and response surface method. Furthermore, astragalus polysaccharide-superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocomplex (APS-SPIONs) was successfully constructed by EDC/NHS esterification method. The structure of APS-SPIONs was confirmed by dynamic light scatter and infrared spectrometer, and the contents of iron and polysaccharide were characterized by spectrophotometry. The effect of APS-SPIONs on inducing mouse macrophages RAW264.7 polarization was investigated by flow cytometry. The RAW264.7 macrophages-HepG2 human hepatoma cancer cells Transwell co-culture system was established to investigate APS-SPIONs improve anti-tumor function of macrophages in vitro, and the proliferation activity of APS-SPIONs on RAW264.7 detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. The results showed that the average particle size and zeta potential of APS-SPIONs were (82.93 ± 1.47) nm and (-24.00 ± 0.47) mV. Polysaccharide and Fe content were 8.69% and 7.04%, respectively. APS-SPIONs effectively induced the polarization of RAW264.7 into M1 type in vitro, improving the anti-tumor ability of macrophages in a co-culture system, without effecting the proliferation of macrophages. Our study provides a drug development strategy and preliminary research results to educate macrophages and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment to achieve tumor-killing effects.
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@#Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards and prevention and control of occupational ， - Methods ， diseases in micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1 034 micro - small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province were selected as the research subjects using a stratified cluster sampling method. The exposure of occupational hazards and the implementation of occupational hazards prevention and Results ， control measures were investigated. Among the 1 034 enterprises the small and micro enterprises accounted for ， 91.5%. The enterprises with serious occupational hazards were mainly concentrated in metallurgy building materials industry ， and machinery equipment and electrical appliance manufacturing industry. The exposure rate of occupational hazard factors in ， ， （ vs the categories of occupational hazard factors from high to low was physical factors dust and chemical factors 78.9% 52.8% vs ，P ） （ ）， ， 25.0% <0.01 . The exposure rate from high to low was metallurgy and building materials industry 60.8% machinery （ ）， ， equipment and electrical equipment manufacturing industry 42.9% light industry textile and tobacco processing industry （ ）， ， （ ）（P ） 32.0% chemical petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry 21.0% <0.01 . Noise exposure accounted for 98.3% in the workers exposed to physical factors. The implementation rate of prevention and control measures for occupational hazards ， in enterprises from high to low was the staffing of occupational health management personnel the establishment of ， ， occupational health management institutions the establishment of occupational health management systems the detection ， ， of occupational hazards the evaluation of the control effect of occupational hazards of construction projects and the - （ vs vs vs vs vs ，P ） pre evaluation of occupational hazards of construction projects 32.5% 25.7% 23.7% 16.2% 6.9% 4.2% <0.01 . Conclusion The focus of prevention and control of occupational hazards in manufacturing industry in Jiangxi Province is noise ， - and dust in small and micro metallurgy and building materials industry. Most of the micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises have not carried out the detection of occupational hazards and evaluation of occupational hazards in accordance with the law. The situation of occupational disease prevention and control is still challenging.
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@#Objective To investigate the current status of occupational hazards and prevention and control of occupational ， - Methods ， diseases in micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province. A total of 1 034 micro - small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises in Jiangxi Province were selected as the research subjects using a stratified cluster sampling method. The exposure of occupational hazards and the implementation of occupational hazards prevention and Results ， control measures were investigated. Among the 1 034 enterprises the small and micro enterprises accounted for ， 91.5%. The enterprises with serious occupational hazards were mainly concentrated in metallurgy building materials industry ， and machinery equipment and electrical appliance manufacturing industry. The exposure rate of occupational hazard factors in ， ， （ vs the categories of occupational hazard factors from high to low was physical factors dust and chemical factors 78.9% 52.8% vs ，P ） （ ）， ， 25.0% <0.01 . The exposure rate from high to low was metallurgy and building materials industry 60.8% machinery （ ）， ， equipment and electrical equipment manufacturing industry 42.9% light industry textile and tobacco processing industry （ ）， ， （ ）（P ） 32.0% chemical petrochemical and pharmaceutical industry 21.0% <0.01 . Noise exposure accounted for 98.3% in the workers exposed to physical factors. The implementation rate of prevention and control measures for occupational hazards ， in enterprises from high to low was the staffing of occupational health management personnel the establishment of ， ， occupational health management institutions the establishment of occupational health management systems the detection ， ， of occupational hazards the evaluation of the control effect of occupational hazards of construction projects and the - （ vs vs vs vs vs ，P ） pre evaluation of occupational hazards of construction projects 32.5% 25.7% 23.7% 16.2% 6.9% 4.2% <0.01 . Conclusion The focus of prevention and control of occupational hazards in manufacturing industry in Jiangxi Province is noise ， - and dust in small and micro metallurgy and building materials industry. Most of the micro small and medium sized manufacturing enterprises have not carried out the detection of occupational hazards and evaluation of occupational hazards in accordance with the law. The situation of occupational disease prevention and control is still challenging.
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italic>Cirsium souliei (Asteraceae) is a perennial medicinal herb of Cirsium with important medicinal and ecological values. Here, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of C. souliei based on high-throughput sequencing technology, then assembled and annotated it, and analysed the structure and characteristics of the cp genome. The result indicated that the cp genome of C. souliei was a typical quadripartite circular structure of 152 470 bp in length, and GC content was 37.7%. The cp genome of C. souliei encoded 134 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes. Meanwhile, we detected 188 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci in the cp genome, which were mainly composed of mononucleotide repeats. Codon bias analysis showed that leucine (Leu) was the highest amino acids with frequency (10.51%), and there were 30 codons with the value of relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) above one, of which mostly ended with A/U. Additionally, the result from phylogenetic analysis based on 46 cp genomes of Carduoideae showed that C. souliei and C. vulgare were sister species, and had the closest relationship with 100% bootstrap within Cirsium. This study provides theoretical basis for future studying genetic diversity, population genetic structure, systematics and evolution, and speciation mechanism.
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Objective:To study the material basis and potential molecular mechanism of Epimedii Folium against osteoporosis. Method:The chemical components in 14 batches of Epimedii Folium were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. With the activity of alkaline phosphatase （ALP） as the pharmacodynamic index，the partial least squares regression analysis （PLSR） was conducted to establish a model uncovering the spectrum-effect relationship between UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS spectral peak and ALP activity and screen the active components against osteoporosis. Online databases such as the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP），Comparative Toxicogenomics Database （CTD），Database for Annotation，Visualization，and Integrated Discovery （DAVID） and Cytoscape 3.6.1 were employed to predict the possible mechanism of action of Epimedii Folium against osteoporosis. Result:A total of 61 peaks and 56 compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. PLSR showed that icariin，baohuoside Ⅰ，epimedin A，sagittatoside A，and baohuoside Ⅱ might be the active components for Epimedii Folium to inhibit osteoporosis considering their strong correlation with ALP activity. As revealed by the network pharmacological analysis of the five components mentioned above，Epimedii Folium<italic> </italic>mainly regulated seven targets such as tumor necrosis factor （TNF），androgen receptor （AR），and estrogen receptor 1 （ESR1） and eight key pathways like endocrine and other factor-regulated calcium reabsorption，vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） signaling pathway，and transient receptor potential （TRP） channels to exert its anti-osteoporosis effect. Conclusion:The exploration of material basis and potential molecular mechanism of Epimedii Folium against osteoporosis based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS，spectrum-effect relationship，and network pharmacology has provided an experimental basis for the scientific explanation and clinical application of Epimedii Folium in treating osteoporosis.
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This study investigated the mechanism by which icaritin (ICT) inhibits exosomes-induced lung metastasis of B16BL6 mouse melanoma cells. The culture supernatant of B16BL6 cells was collected for extraction of exosomes by ultracentrifugation and their characterization by transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Exosomal protein was quantified by BCA. A wound-healing assay was used to determine the effect of ICT on the migratory ability of B16BL6 cells induced by exosomes. After establishing an experimental melanoma lung metastasis model in C57BL/6 mice, we used H&E staining to study the ability of ICT to inhibit exosomes-induced melanoma metastasis. Animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. ELISA and immunofluorescence were used to detect pro-inflammatory factors interleukin 6 (IL-6), S100 calcium-binding protein A8/A9 complex (S100A8/A9), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibronectin in metastatic tumors. The expression of metastatic tissue-related proteins stimulator of interferon gene (STING), phospho-STING (p-STING), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and phospho-TBK1 (p-TBK1) was detected by immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. The results showed that the particle size of exosomes was 149.33 ± 2.68 nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.192 ± 0.02, the zeta potential was -32.22 ± 0.50 mV, and the particles had classic tea tray-like membrane structure under TEM. The protein concentration of exosomes was measured to be 838.66 ± 62.14 μg·mL-1. The results of the cell scratch test showed that ICT can inhibit exosomes-induced migration of B16BL6 cells at a concentration of 5, 10, and 20 μmol·L-1. In vivo experimental results also showed that ICT can inhibit exosomes-induced metastasis of melanoma to the lungs and can significantly inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors S100A8/A9, SAA and IL-6 in lung tissue, and inhibit the expression of p-STING and p-TBK1 in metastatic lung tissue. Taken together, these results indicated that ICT can significantly inhibit exosomes-induced tumor metastasis, and the inhibition is related to the inactivation of STING in metastatic foci.
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Magnolia officinalis is a traditional Chinese medicine,with many years of cultivating process, M. officinalis leaves show more differentiation types due to the exchange of seeds from different provenances. "Da Ao"(DA), "Xiao Ao"(XA), "Chuan Hou"(CH),and "Liu Ye"(LY)are the main types of M. officinalis in Sichuan province of China,and there were obvious differences in growth rate,chemical composition,leaf shape and leaf colour. This study selected different types of M. officinalis leaves(DA,XA,LY and CH)from Sichuan to determine their chlorophyll content. Transcriptomic level sequencing of different types of M. officinalis leaf tissues was by high-throughput sequencing analysis and proteomics used an integrated approach involving TMT labelling and LC-MS/MS to quantify the dynamic changes of the whole proteome of M. officinalis. The results showed that CH had the lowest chlorophyll content while DA had the highest chlorophyll content. Furthermore,transcriptome and proteomics results showed that chlorophyll synthesis pathway in DA glutamine-tRNA reductase,urinary porphyrins decarboxylase(UROD),oxygen-dependent protoporphyrin(ODCO),the original-Ⅲ oxidase protoporphyrin oxidase(PPO),magnesium chelating enzyme subunit ChlD,protoporphyrin magnesium Ⅸ monomethyl ester [oxidative] cyclase(MPPMC)were significantly higher than CH,XA and LY,consistent in the results of determination of chlorophyll content(chlorophyll content was highest of 37.56 mg·g~(-1) FW). Some rate-limiting enzymes related to the chlorophyll synthesis,such as ODCO,PPO and MPPMC were tested by Parallel Reaction Monitoring(PRM),and the results showed that the rate-limiting enzyme content in DA was higher than that in other three types. Therefore,based on the differences in leaf color of four types of M. officinalis,the research conducted a preliminary study on the chlorophyll metabolism pathway in leaves of different types of M. officinalis,and explored relevant genes and proteins causing leaf color differences from the molecular level,so as to lay a foundation for studying the differences in growth and development of different types of M. officinalis.
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China , Chlorophyll , Chromatography, Liquid , Magnolia , Plant Leaves , Proteome , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling pathway as an essential immune response pathway in cytoplasm, can find cytoplasmic DNA to regulate the innate immune and adaptive immune response. Studies have shown that the signaling pathway can be activated by both tumor self-DNA and genomic instability, thus to promote or inhibit the development and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, the role of cGAS-STING in tumor genesis, development and metastasis will be systematically expounded from the structures, physiological functions, inhibitors and agonists of cGAS and STING as well as its pathway transduction regulation in this paper. The paper aims to offer theoretical basis and reference for targeting cGAS-STING anti-tumor drugs in clinical practice and cancer clinical and cancer research workers.
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This study aimed to prepare an anti-metastatic diallyl trisulfide-exosome (DATS-Exo) drug delivery system. Exosomes in the supernatants of lung metastasis mouse melanoma B16BL6 cell line culture were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The quantity of exosomes was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Malvern particle size meter, and BCA assay. Expression levels of exosome-specific biomarkers CD9, TSG101, Flotillin 1 and lung organotropic biomarker α6 were detected by Western blot. The sonication method was used to load DATS into exosomes. The uptake of exosomes by B16BL6 cells and lung tissue was observed by laser confocal microscopy. Wound healing assay was used to evaluate the anti-migration effect of DATS-Exo in vitro. Experimental lung metastasis model was established to evaluate the anti-metastasis effect of DATS-Exo in vivo. Animal experiments have been approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. The results showed that the particle size of DATS-Exo was 112.3 ± 1.98 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.24 ± 0.08, zeta potential was -24.33 ± 4.11 mV, and the particles have classic tea tray-like membrane structure under TEM. The protein concentration of DATS-Exo was measured to be 1 312.33 ± 6.27 μg·mL-1. The drug loading rate was about 0.33% ± 0.02%. The exosomes could be taken up by B16BL6 cells and the lung tissue. Compared with the free DATS group, DATS-Exo had a better inhibitory effect on tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results indicate that exosomes derived from the lung metastasis tumor cells have lung organotropic characteristic and drug-loading properties. Using these kind of exosomes as carrier for anti-tumor drug delivery can be a novel and effective strategy of anti-metastatic therapy.
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The main chemical components of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba (ASH) include coumarins, flavonoids, organic acids, essential oils, and so on. Except for the traditional actions of clearing and draining dampness-heat, and disinhibiting gallbladder and anti-icteric, ASH has multiple pharmacological activities, such as antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, anti-osteoporotic, neuroprotective, metabolic regulation effects, as well as prevention of Alzheimer’s disease, whose mechanism of actions are complex. This article reviews pharmacological actions and the corresponding mechanism of ASH, which can provide reference for the research, development and clinical application of ASH and its preparations.
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@#AIM: To observe the choroidal thickness in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy(NAION)measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT)and evaluate its clinical significance. <p>METHODS: Totally 30 patients diagnosed with NAION were studied and 60 individuals with normal fundus were set as control. Choroidal thickness was measured by EDI-OCT. Choroidal thickness of the affected eye and contralateral eye in patient group and right eye of the control group were evaluated and recorded. <p>RESULTS: Differences in age, gender and refractive status between NAION group and control were not significant(<i>P</i>>0.05). Choroidal thickness near fovea and optic disc in affected eye and contralateral eye in patient group was thinner compared to these of control group(<i>P</i><0.01). No statistical differences were observed in the choroidal thickness between affected eye and contralateral eye(<i>P</i>>0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: In NAION patients, choroidal thickness of affected eyes and unaffected contralateral eyes were significantly thinner compared to these of control group. Diminish of the observed choroidal thickness in this study might be explained by small vessels occlusion in posterior ciliary artery, which would affect the blood supply of the choroid.
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AIM: To investigate the clinical features of dry eye with type 2 diabetic patients,and to analyze the correlation between the clinical features of dry eye and the disease condition.METHODS: Retrospective case series study.Dry eye cases with type 2 diabetic were analyzed from March to December in 2016.And the clinical features of patients were summarized.Dry eye examination including tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer test (schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠt).Patients were divided into <60 years and≥60 years group by the age.And patients were divided into <5 group,5-9 years group,≥10 years according to the duration of diabetes.According to the condition of blood glucose,patients were divided into glucose controlled group and the group blood glucose uncontrolled.The results were statistically analyzed with gender,age,duration of diabetes and blood glucose level.RESULTS: There were 178 cases collected.All cases were diagnosed as dry eye both eyes.The patient`s age ranged from 32 to 85 years,with an average 58.41±13.06 years.There were 110 (61.8%) male cases,and 68 (38.2%) female cases.In all cases,the mean value of BUT was 4.52±2.31s,and the mean value of SⅠt was 4.25±1.99mm/5min.The value of women were more than men,but the differences were not significant statistically.Patients of ≥60 group were less than the age group of <60 patients,and the difference was significant statistically (t=4.153,4.021;P<0.01).In different course,all groups were lower than the normal.The value of≥10 years group was the least,<5 years group was the highest,and 5-9 years group was middle one.The differences were statistically significant (F=68.884,60.204;P<0.01).The value of blood glucose controlled group was significantly higher than the group blood glucose uncontrolled,and the difference was statistically significant (t=-6.615,-5.918;P<0.01).CONCLUSION:There were two types dry eye in 2 diabetic patients: the instability of tear-film and the reduction of tear secretion.The clinic features of dry eye were related to age,the course of the disease,and the level of blood glucose.
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To compare the intestinal absorption and metabolism of icariin in different osteoporosis rat models. Ovariectomy and intragastric administration of cyclophosphamide were used to establish two kinds of rat osteoporosis models. Then the rat intestinal perfusion was conducted, and HPLC was used to measure and calculate the permeability coefficients of icariin in different intestines and production amount of metabolites. Western blot was used to detect LPH enzyme expression in two models. Experimental results showed that both ovariectomy and intragastric administration of cyclophosphamide 4.5 mg•kg⁻¹ could reduce rat bone density and successfully construct the rat osteoporosis models. The apparent permeability coefficient Papp of 20 μmol icariin in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon was 5.695, 5.224, 1.492, 0.520 respectively in sham operation group; 3.876, 3.608, 0.863, and 0.291 in ovariectomized group; 4.945, 3.601, 1.990, 1.042 in normal saline group; 3.301, 2.108, 1.209, 1.233 in cyclophosphamide-induced osteoporosis model group. In addition, the protein expression levels of LPH enzyme in two model groups were lower than those in normal group. The absorption and metabolism of icariin in two kinds of osteoporosis models was lower than that in sham operation group and normal saline group; the reduction of expression level of LPH enzymes in rat intestine of different osteoporosis models was one of the reasons for leading to the reduced intestinal absorption and metabolism of icariin.
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Accumulative evidences have underpinned the nature candidates from Chinese medicine (CM), particularly CM served as blood activating and stasis resolving (BASR, Huoxue Huayu in Chinese) by targeting tumor-associated angiogenesis. However, recent experiment research on the therapeutic angiogenesis by BASR-CM attracts wide attention and discussion. This opinion review focused on the underlying link between two indications and anticipated that (1) BASR-CM might emphasize on a balanced multi-cytokines network interaction; (2) BASR-CM might address on the nature of diseases prior to differently affecting physiological and pathological angiogenesis; (3) BASR-CM might mainly act on perivascular cells, either promotes arteriogenesis by increasing arteriogenic factors in ischemic diseases, or simultaneously keep a quiescent vasculature to impede angiogenesis in tumor context.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Angiogenesis Inhibitors , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Models, Biological , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Blood , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
To explore the restoration of femoral offset, rotation centers, limbs length equality of Chinese total hip arthroplasty patients with careful preoperative surgical planning, the appropriate prosthesis and skillful manipulation combined with a variety of verification tests during the operation. There were 92 hips [from 92 patients] surgery was performed by the same surgeon using the posterlateral approach by careful preoperative surgical planning. Appropriate prosthesis was chosen determining the reasonable femur osteotomy location, skillful manipulation and paying attention to every detail combined with a variety of verification tests and preoperative measurements during the operation. We evaluated the offset and rotation centers of the healthy [not performed] side and the operated side, the preoperative and postoperative limbs length discrepancy and analyzed the change of femoral offset, rotation centers and limbs length discrepancy of THA patients by self-control. We found that the preoperative and postoperative femoral offset was basically not changed, the postoperative rotation centers had a tendency to the medial and inferior of the original rotation centers, the limbs length discrepancy and Harris Hip Score [HHS] were improved much more than before. Careful preoperative surgical planning, the appropriate prosthesis and skillful manipulation combined with a variety of verification tests during the operation is significantly correlated to the remarkable radiological and clinical results of THA patients
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Special emphasis about cancer metastasis was concentrated on tumor cells themselves, and we usually considered the ability of migration and invasion was the final decider. Recently, bewaring of tumor microenvironment is a fundamental determinant in metastasis has become the most outstanding breakthrough. Considerable "microbes" in the microenvironment are closely linked with tumor metastatic behaviors, and the major proportion of them is tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Actually, TAMs conserve immediate "cross-talk" with cancer cells throughout tumor development. It is generally accepted that TAMs have mostly pro-tumoral functions and play an important role in several stages of tumor progression. This progression involves a series of events that leads from the primary site to the metastatic site, including tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, intravasation and finally extravasation at distant site where the process begins again (metastasis). Thereby, TAMs has attracted substantial attentions in recent years and could become a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we focus on the multi-functions of TAMs in cancer and certain drugs targeting TAMs for cancer treatment those are under experimental research procedures or have even been entered human clinical tests.
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Animals , Humans , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Macrophages , Metabolism , Neoplasms , Pathology , Neovascularization, Pathologic , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect CCL20 and CXCR4 expressions in epidermis infected with condyloma acuminatum (CA) and normal epidermis and investigate the effect of their expressions on Langerhans cells in CA epidermis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Gene expression of CCL20 and CXCR4 in 3 epidermal CA lesions and in 3 normal epidermis specimens were detected using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays HG-U 133A 2.0, and the protein levels of CCL20 and CXCR4 in these specimens were measured by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microarray analysis revealed markedly down-regulated mRNA expressions of CCL20 and CXCR4 in the 3 epidermal CA lesions as compared with those in the normal specimens. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expressions of CCL20 and CXCR4 in the CA lesions were significantly lower than those in normal epidermis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The protein and mRNA expressions of CCL20 and CXCR4 are markedly down-regulated in epidermal CA lesions, which may contribute to decreased number and backflow disturbance of Langerhans cells in these lesions.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Young Adult , Blotting, Western , Chemokine CCL20 , Genetics , Metabolism , Condylomata Acuminata , Genetics , Metabolism , Down-Regulation , Epidermis , Metabolism , Pathology , Gene Expression Regulation , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Receptors, CXCR4 , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To analyze and compare the constituents of the volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin collected from different regions of cultivation and harvesting times in order to evaluate the quality of Shipai Huoxiang and to expound the chemical intension of Pogostemon cablin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The combination of GC and MS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The volatile oil compositions of Herba Pogostemonis collected from various of cultivation regions and harvesting times are obviously different. Based on the chemical differences of the volatile oil compositions, Pogostemon cablin is divided into two chemotypes, Pogostone-type and Patchouliol-type. The former was cultivated in Guangzhou and Gaoyao regions, locally named as "Shipai Huoxiang"; the latter was locally named as "Hainan Huoxiang", cultivated in Wuchuan, Suixi and Leizhou regions of Guangdong Province and Wanning region of Hainan Province. The Pogostone-type contains rich oxygenated components, especially pogostone in the volatile oil compositions and poor non-oxygenated composition with patchouliol. The above chemical data may be used as evaluation standard for the authentic Shipai Huoxiang. The Patchouliol-type contains similar quantities of oxygenated and non-oxygenated composition, especially rich patchouliol with poor pogostone in oxygenated compositions, rich delta-guaiene and alpha-guaiene in non-oxygenation compositions. The contents of volatile oil and their constituents were varied due to different harvesting time. The yields of pogostone and volatile oil of Shipai Huoxiang was higher in July. The quality of the samples collected in this month was better.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>According to the volatile oil compositions, there are two chemotypes (Pogostone-type and Patchouliol-type) in Pogostemon cablin plant. These two chemotypes correspond to the genotypes of plastid matK gene and nuclear 18s rRNA gene by cluster analysis.</p>
Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Environment , Lamiaceae , Chemistry , Classification , Oils, Volatile , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Classification , Quality Control , SeasonsABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To provide molecular evidence for quality evaluation and GAP production of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. cultivated in different regions in Guangdong and Hainan provinces, China, by comparing two sequences (1.2 kb of plastid matK gene and 1.8 kb of nuclear 18S rRNA gene) and two chemotypes (Pogostone-type and Patchouliol-type in essential oil composition).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PCR direct sequencing was applied to detemine the matK and 18S rRNA sequences for six samples of Pogostemon cablin from different localities.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The matK sequences of six samples of Pogostemon cablin from different regions of cultivation are 1,245 bp in length, which coding 415 amino acids of protein (maturase), and 18S rRNA sequences are 1,803-1,805 bp in size. Based on multiple sequence alignment, there are 47 variable sites in the matK sequence of these six samples, 17 in the 18S rRNA sequence. The cluster tree reconstructed by UPGMA method shows that the sequence divergence both in matK and 18S rRNA genes among six samples of Pogostemon cablin was well correlative with their regions of cultivation and intraspecific chemotypes of essential oil composition.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combining with chemical and biogeographical data, DNA sequencing can become a powerful tool in the key technique-species identification of quality evaluation and GAP production of Pogostemon cablin.</p>